根据Linux发行套件的不同，安装的过程也不尽相同，我觉得现在最流行的套件之一Red Hat Linux极为适合初学者，所以这里就以它为例对安装步骤作一详细介绍，其他版本可以触类旁通。 According to the different Linux distributions, the installation process are not the same, I think one of the most popular Red Hat Linux package is very suitable for beginners, so here it is an example of the installation steps to make a detailed description of the other versions by analogy.
1.用Linux启动机器。 1 machine with a Linux boot.
还没装Linux，哪来的Linux系统启动机器？ Not install Linux, but where's the Linux system to start the machine? 对了，用刚才我们制作的Linux启动软盘(也可以用能启动的Linux光盘)。 Yes, we have made use of the Linux boot floppy (can also be used to boot the Linux CD-ROM). 将启动盘插入软驱并启动机器，机子就出现了Red Hat Linux安装程序的第一个画面： The boot disk into the floppy drive and start the machine, the machine appeared in Red Hat Linux installation program the first screen:
Welcome to Red Hat Linux！ Welcome to Red Hat Linux!
o To install a new system,or to upgrade a system which has Red Hat Linux 2.0 or later installed, press the
o To enable expert mode,type:expert
o This disk can no longer be used as a rescue disk. Press
o Use the fuction keys listed below for more information. o Use the fuction keys listed below for more information.
boot: boot:
按“Enter”开始安装，安装过程中可以用方向键和Tab键移动选项，Space键选定，Enter键确认。 Press "Enter" to begin the installation, the installation process can use the arrow keys and the Tab key to move option, Space button selected, Enter key to confirm. 系统会询问用户是否使用彩色显示器(Are you using a color monitor?)，缺省是Yes。 The system asks the user whether to use color monitor (Are you using a color monitor?), The default is Yes. 按回车继续。 Press Enter to continue.
然后安装程序出现了一个欢迎画面。 The installer then there is a welcome screen. 按“Enter”继续。 Press "Enter" to continue.
2.用什么语言安装？ (2) What language is installed? 在图上按上下键找了找，巴西、意大利...都有，偏没有世界四分之一人口使用的汉语，唉，选英语(English)凑合着用吧！ Press the buttons on the map to find the find, Brazil, Italy ... have to side with no use of the Chinese quarter of the world population, alas, choose English (English) make do with it! 选English后按回车继续。 Select English and press Enter to continue.
3.选择用户使用的键盘排列方式:我们的键盘通常都是一色的美国标准(US)，所以按回车选默认值继续(如图2)。 3 Select the user's keyboard layout: Our keyboard is usually the same color of the American standard (US), so press Enter to select default values (Figure 2).
4.是否使用PCMICIA方式安装?(Do you need PCMICIA?)我可没那玩意儿,按“Enter”告诉它不要，然后继续。 4 whether to use PCMICIA install? (Do you need PCMICIA?) I can not that stuff, press "Enter" to tell it not to, then continue. 只要你不是使用PCMICIA方式安装，就选择默认值No。 As long as you are not using PCMICIA install, select the default value is No. 这个问题仅针对安装过程是否需要PCMCIA支持，即使你在这里选否，也不影响以后使用PCMICIA。 This problem only for the need PCMCIA support during the installation process, even if you choose not here, nor does it affect the future use PCMICIA.
5.选择安装方式:上下键选择，回车确认。 5 Select the installation mode: arrow keys to select, press Enter. 各种安装方式前面有详细介绍。 Variety of installation methods are described in detail earlier. 我是用光盘安装，所以选默认值Local CD-ROM。 I am using the CD-ROM installation, so choose the default Local CD-ROM.
如果选择光驱安装，系统提示将安装光盘放入光驱，确认光盘放入后按回车键，安装程序会检查您的系统, 自动识别您的CD-ROM驱动器。 If you choose to drive installed, the system prompts the installation CD into the drive, make sure the disc into the press the Enter key, the installer will check your system, automatically identify your CD-ROM drive.
如果你选择硬盘安装或其它方式，插入先前做的扩展盘吧！ If you choose to install the hard drive or other means, insert the previous extents do it!
6.安装？ 6 Install? 升级？ Upgrade? 按回车继续，开始安装系统。 Press Enter to continue, start the installation system.
. 安装(Install):第一次安装或要覆盖原来安装好的系统时选用。 Install (Install): the first installation or you want to overwrite the original installed system use.
. 升级(Upgrade):用新版的安装光盘升级原来的Linux系统。 The upgrade (Upgrade): with the new version of the Linux installation CD to upgrade the original system.
7.设定你的SCSI卡（SCSI Configuration）:如果没有请选No。 7 Set your SCSI card (SCSI Configuration): If you do not select No.
8.为Linux创建分区:按回车继续，使用Disk Druid。 8 to create partitions for Linux: Press Enter to continue, use the Disk Druid.
在这里，Linux为用户提供了两种分区工具，Disk Druid和Fdisk，我喜欢使用图形界面的Disk Druid。 Here, Linux provides users with two partitioning tool, Disk Druid and Fdisk, I like to use a graphical Disk Druid.
Disk Druid使用方法很简单，其界面如所示: Disk Druid is very simple to use, its interface is as follows:
最上面是“Current Disk Partitions”区，列出各个硬盘分区的信息。 The top is the "Current Disk Partitions" area that lists the various hard disk partitions. 每行由五个项目组成:Mount Point -- 指定该分区对应的Linux系统目录;Device -- 硬盘分区的设备名;Requested -- 分区定义时申请的最小空间;Actual -- 当前分配给这个分区的空间;Type --分区类型。 Each line consists of five project components: Mount Point - Specify the partition corresponding to the Linux system directories; Device - drive partition's device name; Requested - partition definitions apply for the minimum space; Actual - currently assigned to this partition space; Type - the type of partition.
中间是“Drive Summaries”区，一行对应一个物理硬盘，每行由六个项目组成:Drive -- 硬盘的设备名；Geom [C/H/S] -- 硬盘的物理信息，包括柱面、 磁头和扇区的数量;Total -- 硬盘所有可用空间;Used -- 硬盘已分配空间;Free -- 硬盘未分配空间;Bar Graph -- 硬盘已用空间表示图。 The middle is the "Drive Summaries" area, a line corresponding to a physical hard disk, each line consists of six project components: Drive - hard drive device name; Geom [C / H / S] - the physical hard disk, including cylinders, heads, and the number of sectors; Total - all available hard disk space; Used - hard drive space has been allocated; Free - unallocated hard disk space; Bar Graph - hard disk space used that figure.
最下面是Disk Druid的按钮区，由五个按钮组成:Add -- 申请一个新的分区;Edit -- 修改在“Current Disk Partitions”区中选中的分区的属性;Delete -- 删除“Current Disk Partitions”区中选中的分区;Ok -- 确认分区操作，重写硬盘分区表;Back -- 不保存修改而退出，回到前一个屏幕，重新开始。 The bottom is Disk Druid's buttons area, consists of five buttons: Add - apply for a new partition; Edit - modify the "Current Disk Partitions" area in the properties of the selected partition; Delete - delete the "Current Disk Partitions "area in the selected partition; Ok - confirm the partition operation, rewrite the partition table; Back - exit without saving changes and return to the previous screen and start again.
好，我们为Linux添加一个分区，用Tab选择Add钮，按回车，屏幕上将出现一个题为“Edit New Partition”的对话框。 Well, we add a Linux partition, select the Add button with Tab, press Enter, a screen will appear entitled "Edit New Partition" dialog box. 首先我们在Mount Point项中，输入这个分区所对应的系统目录/(根目录)；接着在Size(Megs)项中，输入分区的大小700(单位兆)；如果希望在将来的使用中分区容量会随着LINUX的需要而扩大，可以选中Growable?选择框，在Type这一项中用光标上、下键选择适当的分区类型，我们选中Linux的文件分区Linux native；最后按OK确认。 First, we in Mount Point field, enter the partition corresponding to the system directory / (root); then in Size (Megs) field, enter the partition size of 700 (in megabytes); If you want to use in the future partition size will be expanded as the need LINUX, you can select Growable? selection box, this one using the cursor in the Type on the next button to select the appropriate partition type, we selected Linux file partition Linux native; finally press OK to confirm. 这样我们就成功地建立起一个为Linux所用的分区了。 So that we succeed in establishing a for the partition used by Linux. 如果你的硬盘空间允许，你完全可以再建立一个或几个分区给Linux使用。 If your hard drive space allows, you can then create one or more partitions for Linux.
接着用同样的方法给Linux增加一个交换分区，不同的仅是Mount Point项让它空着，在Type项目中选择Linux Swap。 Then use the same method to add a Linux swap partition, different items it is only empty Mount Point, select the Type item Linux Swap. 输入分区大小(建议不小于32)，成功后如所示。 Enter the partition size (recommended no less than 32), after the success of such shows. 好了，我们为Linux分好了区，按OK将分区信息写入硬盘，并继续。 Well, we divided the area for Linux, press OK to write to the hard disk partition information, and continue.
如果你想使用Linux下的Fdisk，有关命令如下: If you want to use under Linux Fdisk, the order is as follows:
P 列出硬盘分区表N 增加一个新的分区T 修改分区类型L 列出分区的类型表W 存盘并离开Q 不存盘离开A 设定启动分区 P lists the hard disk partition table to add a new partition N T change the partition type L to list partition type of Form W Save and exit the Q does not save the boot partition set to leave the A
9.初始化交换空间接下来，安装程序就会自动搜索交换分区，并且进行初始化工作，这一步，你只要轻轻按下确认钮(OK)就行了。 9 Next, initialize the swap space, the installation program will automatically search for the swap partition, and the initialization, this step, you just gently press the confirmation button (OK) on the line.
10.格式化分区这就是DOS中的FORMAT吧！ 10 format partitions in DOS FORMAT This is it! 是的，安装程序提示对Linux的文件分区进行格式化，以便装入文件。 Yes, the installer prompts for the Linux file format the partition to load the file. 同样，按一下确认键就行了。 Similarly, click the Enter key on the line.
11.选择要安装的包到了定制安装Linux软件的时候了。 11 Select the packages to install Linux software to customize the installation time. Linux为我们列出了所有的组件列表，在你需要的前面加个*(按空格键)。 Linux is our list of all the components listed in the front you need to add a * (press the space bar). 第一次当然全选了，反正空间足够。 Select the first course, anyway, enough space. 至于“Select individual packages”（选择子软件包），初级用户最好不要使用。 As for the "Select individual packages" (selected sub-package), the primary user is best not to use.
做了这么多选择，这时开始拷贝Linux的系统文件。 To do so much choice, then start copying the Linux system files. 终于可以倒杯茶歇歇了，本以为将近500多兆的文件要从光盘中解压缩拷贝到硬盘，时间一定很长，没想到，十分钟不到就完成了，想偷偷懒都不行。 Can finally take a rest a cup of tea, I thought nearly 500 megabytes of files copied from CD to hard drive Extract, time must be very long, did not expect less than ten minutes to complete, do not steal the lazy line.
12.配置鼠标（Configuration a Mouse） 12 Configuring the mouse (Configuration a Mouse)
文件拷贝完成后，系统将会检测你的鼠标，需要选择它所在的串口(cau0对应com1，以此类推)。 File copy is complete, the system will detect your mouse to choose it in the serial port (cau0 corresponding to com1, and so on). 我的鼠标在COM2口，选/dev/cau1就可以了。 My mouse in the COM2 port, select / dev/cau1 it. 鼠标类型我建议选Microsoft Compatible（Seria）。 Mouse type I suggest choose Microsoft Compatible (Seria).
13.接下来系统会进行X-Windows的配置，现在可以随便设置一下，跳到下一步。 13 Then the system for X-Windows configuration, you can now easily set about, skip the next step. 在后面的文章中会告诉大家详细的配置方法。 In the following article will tell you detailed configuration.
14.接下来配置网络，为了简化安装，这里选不配置。 14 Next, configure the network, in order to simplify the installation, where the election is not configured.
15.配置时钟（喂，怎么越来越像安装Windows）。 15 configuration clock (Hey, how more and more like installed Windows).
16.选择启动Services。 16 Select Start Services. Linux真是烦人，直接回车选默认值。 Linux is really annoying, directly enter the default election.
17.提示配置打印机，先Cancel吧！ 17 tips to configure the printer, the first Cancel it! 以后再配。 Later matched.
18.设置系统管理员口令，千万别乱打，没有口令是进不了Linux系统的哦，不像Windows，一个“取消”就过去了。 18 Setting the System Administrator password, do Freeze play, there is no Linux system password can not enter, oh, like Windows, a "Cancel" is over. 口令至少六个字符; 您输入的口令不会直接显示在屏幕上，也不会出现我们所熟悉的****，您必须输入口令两次以确认。 Password at least six characters long; the password you enter will not be displayed directly on the screen, it will not appear we are familiar with ****, you must enter the password twice to confirm. 如果两次不一致, 安装程序会要求您重新输入。 If the two are inconsistent, the installer will ask you to re-enter.
19.系统提示制作启动盘，第一次安装就依你吧！ 19 prompted to make a boot disk, you first install it by now! 插入软盘，确定(Yes)。 Insert the floppy disk, to determine (Yes).
20.安装LILO(The Linux Loader)，就是Linux的多操作系统启动管理器。 20 Install LILO (The Linux Loader), multi-operating system is Linux boot manager.
第一步:选择LILO安装位置，我要用LILO来控制系统启动，所以将LILO安装在主启动记录(MBR)。 Step 1: Select the location to install LILO, I use LILO to control system startup, so to install LILO in the master boot record (MBR). 如果你希望保持Windows作为默认的操作系统，那就选Skip跳过这一步，这样用硬盘启动后仍然会进入Windows，要启动Linux就须要使用启动盘并把BIOS中的启动设备顺序设为A，C。 If you want to keep Windows as the default operating system, then choose Skip to skip this step, this will still use the hard disk starts to enter Windows, you need to start using Linux boot disk and put the BIOS boot device order is set to A, C.
第二步:为LILO启动命令行增加选项，不加了，按OK确认。 Step Two: To increase the LILO boot command-line option, without, and press OK.
第三步:修改启动标记。 The third step: Modify the start tag. 例如我们可以将dos改为win。 For example, we can dos to win. 以后开机出现“LILO BOOT:”时输入win就进入Windows，输入Linux就进入Linux系统。 After the boot appears "LILO BOOT:" when the input win on into Windows, enter into the Linux system on Linux. 完成了LILO的设置和安装后，安装程序重新启动计算机，Linux的安装工作大功告成。 Completed the LILO setup and installation, the installation program to restart the computer, Linux installation work done. 一只可爱的小企鹅在我的电脑中安家了。 A cute little penguins on my computer settled down.
启动及退出Linux Linux start-up and exit
开机进入Linux（至于如何进入，要看LILO的具体设置），屏幕上将出现Linux的命令提示符#，你可以输入root（注意要小写哟，Linux对命令的大小写有严格的规定），然后输入口令，就进入了Linux操作状态。 Boot into Linux (As for how to enter, depending on the specific LILO settings), the screen will appear on the Linux command prompt #, you can enter the root (note to lowercase yo, Linux on the order of the case, there are strict regulations), then Enter the password to enter the Linux operating state. 退出时，输入halt即可，等到屏幕提示可以关机了，你就可以关闭电源了。 Exit, you can enter the halt, until the screen can be turned off, you can shut off power. RedHat的用户，按下CTRL+ALT+DEL就可以重新启动电脑。 RedHat users, press CTRL + ALT + DEL can restart the computer.
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